Electroless Nuclear Coating

Chemical nickel plating is used to deposit nickel without using an electric current. The coating is deposited by autocatalytic chemical reduction of nickel ions by hypophosphite compounds, aminoborane or borohydride. Two other methods have been used commercially for electroplating nickel, without power, including immersion plating (1) on steel from solutions of nickel chloride and boric acid at 70 ° C (160 ° F) and (2) the decomposition of nickel carbonyl vapor at 180 ° C (360 ° F). Immersion deposits, however, are poorly adherent and non protective, whereas the decomposition of nickel carbonyl is both expensive and dangerous. Therefore, electroless nickel only gained wide acceptance. Since the commercial use acquired in 1950, the electroless nickel grown rapidly and is now an established industrial process.

Currently, low acid hypophosphite hot bath are the most commonly used for steel plate and other metals, while the alkaline hot water baths hypophosphite are used for coating metal and plastic. Borohydride reduced baths are also used to plate iron and copper alloys, especially in Europe. Nickel is a chemical engineering coating, normally used due to the corrosion resistance and excellent wear. Electroless nickel coatings are frequently applied to aluminum to provide a surface for welding and are used with molds and dies to improve the lubricity and release of some. Because of these properties, chemical nickel coatings have found many applications, including oil, chemicals, plastics, optics, printing, mining, aerospace, nuclear and automotive electronics, computers, textiles, paper, machinery and foodstuffs (Ref).

Unlike electroplating, electro less plating allows for storage of materials of uniform coating on all surfaces, conductivity, size, shape and electrical. Electro-less copper and nickel phosphorus deposits to provide protective and functional coatings industries as diverse as electronics, automotive, aerospace and chemical engineering. This book covers the latest research on the electro deposition of less.

After an introductory chapter, the first part focuses on evidence from the review of the chemical copper areas, such as surface morphology and residual stresses, modeling the surface structure, the bond strength of the deposition electrolytic copper, the electrical resistivity and chemical applications of copper deposition. The second part is going to nickel-phosphorus electroless deposition with chapters on the crystallization of nickel-phosphorus deposits, the modeling of the thermodynamics and kinetics of the crystallization of nickel-phosphorus deposits, artificial neural networks (RNA) models of crystallization temperatures, the hardness of the evolution of nickel-phosphorus deposits and applications of electroless nickel-phosphor plates.

Some of the advantages and limitations of electroless nickel coatings include corrosion resistance advantages and even wear and excellent cost Weld ability Weld ability of low wages which exceed the limits of the chemical characteristics of the fragility of solder plating due to poor plate contamination with nickel phosphorus deposits need for nickel copper alloys containing significant amounts of lead, tin, cadmium and zinc before you can apply electroless nickel plates slower compared to the electrolytic method.

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Dupont Coatings

Teflon has often been described as "an example of serendipity, a flash of genius, a happy accident  and even a mixture of all three. "In 1938 Dr. Roy Plunkett, a DuPont chemist, began working with refrigerants. After verification of a frozen sample compressed Plunkett discovered that she had polymerized a waxy, white solid formed of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Plunkett Subsequent tests showed that the polymer is highly resistant to electricity, temperature, mold and fungus. And to top it off, the polymer is very smooth.

It would be several decades until DuPont felt comfortable enough to market their Teflon ® cookware. Laboratory tests confirm Teflon ® cookware starts to deteriorate when exposed to evil and extreme heat to 500 ° F or more. It is important to note that fats, butter and cooking oil tend to burn and smoke, only 400 ° F. In fact, foods cooked in edible state burning before non-stick cookware is deteriorating and poses serious health risks.

The Statue of Liberty: A lot of people might never guess that one of the most iconic American statues, Statue of Liberty, using Teflon ® as a lubricator and insulation to the exterior structure of the statue pure copper and steel frame. The Teflon ® coating protects most metals against wear and corrosion.

The wiper: For the automotive industry, DuPont Teflon ® has created a solution to the loud squeaking wipers when rain. The blade is coated with Teflon ® to reduce friction and more fluid movement through the windshield.

Modern food processing equipment: There are many advantages to using a Teflon ® coated components and the mountains of food processing plants. The food does not react with Teflon, so the purity of the product is maintained. Maintenance costs are reduced because of the equipment as Teflon to protect against wear and corrosion and to keep food from sticking, or connect. Because the devices are easier to clean and must be cleaned less frequently, less harsh cleaning chemicals or harmful substances in the environment, which is a good way to go green Teflon. In addition, less downtime for cleaning equipment to increase productivity.

DuPont Teflon, with its resistance to the non-stick, temperature stability, low friction and chemical properties of the revolutionaries has found new uses for everyday nonstick cookware with a modern architecture, a layer of metal, fabric , plastics and more. To ensure that your product application is done correctly Teflon, DuPont has created a program of industrial applicator license that allows only a limited number of companies to apply this revolutionary coating. In addition, DuPont continues to reduce the number of licensed industrial applicator to ensure that only companies that meet a high standard can apply the coating.

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Coatings for Wellhead Equipment

Joints wellhead pharmaceutical and seals are critical components used in both submarines and surface applications. Above all, these parts made from all types of steel, stainless steel and high nickel alloys and are manufactured to strict tolerances. Lone Star manufactures all wellhead owners of our customers packaging requirements of machine tools with numerical control in both the U.S. and England. We currently operate over 20 different tools, ranging from small diameter of the bar based machines to large CNC horizontal.

Many of his own production gaskets and seals are coated. Carbon steel rings usually are coated with zinc or Zylan, while the other focuses more exotic materials are silver plated. And 'plan to require primary and secondary elastomeric seals, gaskets must be installed after the main body is coated with a seal.

During the manufacturing process, our engineers are constantly monitoring, measuring and inspection of the game. This culminates in each party having to go through exclusive final inspection on a CMM and a report be shipped with CMM. Lone Star has recently invested heavily in brand new, state of hardware and software art CMM to ensure the accuracy and reliability.

As with all our metal joints, our own seals and fully traceable through our unique traceability code and the heat comes with a package full of equipment certification.

Especially, if it is necessary that the properties of parts made to customer requirements. A deep understanding of customer needs is fundamental to the delivery of part of the "On Time" and guilt free. This is what Lone Star has an edge over the competition. We have provided equipment manufacturers for well over 10 years. Understanding the client's needs are unique, especially the relationships we build with our customers. Our customers see us as interested in the product. Hear us ask questions about what they want from the supplier, and we see a positive response to these requests.

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Coating for Downhole Tools

A Stabiltec downhole tool of photography has been a steady increase in production of precision and rehabilitation services downhole tools at competitive prices. Products include the full blade (IB), stabilizers, welded blade (WB), stabilizers, stabilizers Mud Motors, Rotary Wire API and our technology for the application of hard surfacing.

Our fully integrated facility includes large computerized CNC lathes used in the manufacture of downhole tools, ranging from 4.5 inches to 26 inches in diameter. It also allows cutters Fit-for-purpose can create spirals or straight troughs efficiency of the removal tool bulk major. Highly skilled technicians to maintain safety standards throughout our manufacturing process.

Precision welding services and restructuring

Recent merger of regal welding performance, significantly increases the production and recovery services available Stabiltec Services Downhole Tools. We now offer extended range of its techniques and procedures for applying hard coatings to extend the muddy parts of the engine and lower the downhole tools services.

Proprietary applications and Techniques

Stabiltec using oxy-acetylene, MIG, TIG, stick and PTA to use hard surfaces. Proprietary techniques used statistically outperform conventional laser clad coatings. Lower costs compared to the laser and the ability to repair existing coatings without removing the hard surface materials offer additional savings to customers to offset the cost of building new tools. PTA welding proved to be the most versatile program available because it gives more control over the heat, and thinning and deformation of the base material. Our own use and combination of powder mixtures to save time, is more cost effective and improves our ability to meet customer specifications.

Welding

MIG, which uses nickel-based tubular wire filled with fused tungsten carbide and fused tungsten carbide ball for hard surfacing has proven to be very effective and ... increasing wear resistance in selected applications. Control and Mig welding plant, instead of oxyacetylene welding improves the quality and greatly reduces the heat affected zone and the share of heat input. While the process of PTA provides to wear, MIG has stood the test time on small parts ... with less heat is a distinct advantage in torsion or heating distortion is a concern. MIG Team is easy to repair and can be reused more existing materials for the repair quickly and profitably.

Both the PTA and the MIG welding process is a non-magnetic coatings available. Drive also offers non-magnetic layers in the form of stick, TIG and Oxy-Acetylene pipes and cables. All application forms obtained similar results with these coatings.

Production

Our shipments structured piece of property (developed and produced by internally) has gained wide acceptance by directional drilling company’s reliability, durability and reparability. Costs less than a new unit, our programs have demonstrated on the field more than doubled to drive.

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Virgin PTFE And Teflon Mechanical Grades, The Differences

There is often some confusion about the difference between the most common qualities of PTFE, commonly known as Teflon: Grade Virgin, mechanical, or retired. This information will help you understand these two types and their various applications, so you and saves time looking for information.

Materials and Applications

PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) is a type of plastic known as the brand name Teflon ®. PTFE resins have a constant temperature of 260 ° C (500 ° F). The mechanical properties begin to degrade above this point.

Both Virgin and mechanical qualities are 100% PTFE material and have similar chemical properties. These are the two types of unfilled PTFE. Other types are available with fillers such as carbon, glass or bronze to improve performance for some applications.

PTFE is an economic mechanism, retired with a little lower than the physical properties of the quality of virgin PTFE, also called "recycled" or "recovered". Recycled material is added during the manufacturing process, typically a few percent, but varies. It is cheaper than virgin. This is the grade used for most applications, for less demanding applications the high-purity materials are not necessary, such as chemicals that are not critical, to electrical and mechanical applications. It has better wear resistance and compressive strength that virgin grade. Not suitable for food contact.

PTFE is a higher grade, pure materials, and is more expensive. It 'made without recycled material, has increased. It is a chemically inert up to 500 ° F, the best chemically resistant material available. Virgin has better physical properties, and maintains flexibility at low temperatures. It's a good electrical insulator, high dielectric properties. It is FDA approved and is used in pharmaceutical, food and beverages and cosmetics. It 'is often used for medical or electrical. PTFE Virgin has better friction characteristics, which may be important in some applications.

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Polyarylate Polymer Coatings

Polyarylate polymer is deposited on a substrate, according to a manufacturing process that ensures a low voltage adhesive coating. A coating is an advantage for use in many industrial applications of great practical importance.

The present invention relates polyarylate polymers and, more particularly, a method of forming a polyarylate polymer coating on a substrate and an article with such a coating.

In a wide range of applications of practical importance is the need for covering a substrate with a layer of material that has the properties required. Sometimes these needs can be met by gluing or otherwise secure a sheet of material on the substrate. But for many important commercial applications, this approach is not entirely satisfactory. Often, a layer more consistent and more adherent than that provided by a coating material applied is required.

Polyarylate polymers are a type of plastic it is known that a number of advantageous features such as excellent electrical, mechanical, thermal and flammability properties. The relative ease with which these materials can be injection molded or extruded led to its use in a variety of industrial applications.

One of the most commercial polyarylate polymer surface is not covered in the reaction chamber of the plasma-assisted etching equipment, as set forth in copending U.S. patent application commonly linked to Ser JM Moran name. N. 295,839, filed Aug. 24, 1981 now U.S. Pat. Ben 4,397,724. Graphically, at least part of the surfaces in the immediate vicinity of the part to consolidate the room is covered with a sheet of polyarylate polymer. The contamination of the work piece during the etching process greatly reduced, as detailed above the application.

In practice, the use of a sheet of polyarylate polymer material attached to a substrate in an etching chamber may lead to buckling or twisting of the polymer material. In addition, some cracking of the material, possibly caused by stresses introduced into the material during the molding or extrusion occurs. And in many cases it is difficult or impossible to place a sheet of polymer in the polyarylate a reliable and consistent adherent to curved surfaces or relatively inaccessible in the etching chamber.

Taking account of the activities listed above are direct employees of the arts initiative aims to polyarylate polymer layer over layer of platforms. But right now, no completely satisfactory procedure for a polymer coating on the substrate is determined. It was noted that if this procedure could be developed, would enable the achievement of polyarylate polymer-coated substrate with improved properties, such as a better grip, better compliance and low stress. Thus, the development of these coatings for use in etching chambers, and various other industrial processes, is very popular destination.

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How To Seal Waterblock Barbs With Teflon Tape

By replacing the tines of a water block, it is likely that there will be some leakage of water. One way to solve this problem is to use a rubber O-Ring works best, I think. But I prefer to use Teflon tape, as it is easy to find and very cheap. Follow these steps to seal Waterblock Barbs:

1.       Cut a piece generous. I use about 15 cm 1 / 2 "Barb. This is only a rough guide. Depending on how you lose the thread you may need more. It does not matter if the edges are cut well.

2.       It is very important to ensure that no Teflon tape when you're screwing unpacking beard. Start with the band from left to right with the beard, who live in the clockwise direction. Press the start of the band firmly in the teeth so that the dark band in the thread and makes good contact. If it sticks, wet the beard / tape a little.

3.       Now carefully wrap the tape around the chin to have two layers on top of another.

4.       Now stretch the tape by pulling it while it wrapped until you are completely done. Make sure it fits perfectly.

5.       After packing the longer trips, on top of about half a strip width of each turn.

6.       When you are done right, you can barely distinguish the different layers on top of another. I marked the end of the strip in the image. If yours is not so clean, so do not worry, Teflon is very forgiving as it is sufficient to fill the holes.

7.       Before installing the catfish, check a little Teflon tape blocking traffic. If so, you can push with your fingernails.

8.       It would be a good resistance, while connecting the Barb with your fingers. If you can barely move his fingers to use a key. Using a key, it should be fairly easy now.

9.       Everything is done and sealed. The white ribbon is not a problem out.

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Detailed Description Of Polymer Coatings Polyarylate

Substrates coated with a stick, and low voltage compliant polyarylate polymer film formed in accordance with the principles of the present invention is useful in various industrial and commercial applications. These applications include the coating of items such as kitchen utensils, with features such as low pollution, high temperature stability and durability and abrasion resistance are important. Graphically, one of the other great this coating is to cover the surfaces of the reaction chamber of the plasma-assisted etching system as a versatile reactive sputtering etching described in the United States. Ben 4,298,443. The contamination of the wafer during the etching process is therefore greatly reduced.

Polyarylate polymers are described in various publications such as polyesters of diphenols and dicarboxylic acids. In this regard, see, for example, new commercial polymers, 1969-1975, revised edition by HG Elias, Gordon, p. 91, 1977, Modern Plastics Encyclopedia, McGraw-Hill, p. 50, 55, 1981, and on the design and plastic, manual office 1982, p. 77-78.

Numerous polyarylate polymers are available. One of the inexpensive, such as a polymer, which is named Ardelia, and available in a variety of specific types named Ardelia 100, 209 and Ardelia Ardelia 213, is made and is available in pellet form by Union Carbide, Bound Brook, NJ (Ardelia polymer is a trademark of Union Carbide.) Traditionally, Ardelia polymer pellets covers many commercial producers, who by molding or extruding, convert the pellets in the form of strips, tapes, discs, rods, plates, etc. One source of this standard is converted Ardelia, for example, in the form of an eighth inch thick, the Westlake Plastics, Lenni, Pa.

Polyarylate other polymers are available in their respective manufacturers in pellet form and are usually treated with commercial manufacturers to form plaques, plates, rods, tapes, etc. Other polymers include U-Polymer made by Unitika Ltd., London, England and polymers Durel made by Hooker Chemical and Plastics Corporation, Niagara Falls, NY (Durel polymer is a registered trademark of Hooker Chemical).

In accordance with the principles of the present invention is a polyarylate polymer coating applied to a substrate, for example, aluminum, magnesium, titanium, stainless steel, ceramic, plastic or glass. Heritage, the focus is redirected to such a coating applied to a substrate made of a metallic material. For an etching by sputtering, the system of the type specified above, the substrate of interest includes a mounting plate member made tray, for example, aluminum. Therefore, the overall objective of the procedure described below, in some cases can be particularized to specify a detailed method specially adapted for coating polymer A polyarylate in such a member of aluminum plate.

Based on a major feature of the present invention discovered, that an applicant is available suitable solvent for dissolving polyarylate polymers. Before specifying the solvent, the focus is first to benefit from the different stages created by the applicant in preparing the substrate surface to be coated. These preparation steps are designed to ensure that the applied coating adhere to the substrate, particularly reliably.

Wash, rinse and abrade the surface of the substrate is desirable. For an aluminum surface, proper washing includes alcohol 1,1,1-trichloroethane, gasoline or industrial. Subsequently, standard abrasion with glass beads is effective in removing the oxide layer. This is usually followed by a step running using aluminum oxide or silicon carbide powder. Rinse the surface with, for example, 1,1,1-trichloroethane is then performed.

Subsequently, a specific feature of this invention, it is worth before finishing the surface of the polyarylate polymer substrate form a closed surface of the intermediate layer. In one embodiment, the middle layer of a porous material, which serves the anchoring effect of the polymer coating material applied to the substrate. Excellent adhesion to the plastic coating is thus achieved.

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